Cái khái niệm phương đông và phương tây nó ra đời khi đế chế La mã tách ra làm 2 (Đông La Mã và tây La mã) Còn vùng như TQ, Ấn độ nó gọi là viễn đông rồi
Còn nghiên cứu lịch sử phương tây thì bắt đầu phải nghiên cứu lịch sử Hy - La (nhất là La mã) nhưng tập trung vào chỉ là vùng đất thuộc đến chế La mã cụ nhé
Còn ngôn ngữ Ấn độ ảnh hưởng tới phương tây thì em ko hiểu ý cụ là gì
Gửi các cụ hình ảnh của đế chế La mã không các cụ lại bảo em dài dòng về phương đông
Ngôn ngữ Ấn độ nó có những điểm cùng gốc với ngôn ngữ các nước tây âu vì cùng có yếu tố gốc của chủng Ấn Âu, chứ không phải nó ảnh hưởng hưởng gì tới phương tay cả. Nôm na là chủng Ấn Âu phát tích ở vùng Caucasus rồi di cư đi về hai phía, nhánh sang phía Tây (châu Âu bây giờ) ít bị lai tạp hơn nên gần gốc hơn, nhánh sang phía Đông lai tạp nhiều hơn với bản địa cổ xưa từ trước dần hình thành các giống dân ở vùng Afganistan, Iran, Ấn độ bây giờ. Ấn độ có 2 nguồn gien chính là da trắng Ấn Âu (bọn diễn viên Bollywood nhiều gien này trông không khác gì tây), và da sẫm màu Dravidian (đa số).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India
Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 76.5% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20.5% of Indians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migration
Aryan "race"
A 1910 depiction of Aryans entering India, from Hutchinson's "History of the Nations"
Main articles:
Aryan race and
Scientific racism
In the 1850s
Max Müller introduced the notion of two Aryan races, a western and an eastern one, who migrated from the Caucasus into Europe and India respectively. Müller dichotomized the two groups, ascribing greater prominence and value to the western branch. Nevertheless, this "eastern branch of the Aryan race was more powerful than the indigenous eastern natives, who were easy to conquer".
[55]By the 1880s, his ideas had been "hijacked" by racist
ethnologists. For example, as an exponent of
race science, colonial administrator
Herbert Hope Risley (1851–1911) used the ratio of the width of a
nose to its height to divide
Indian people into Aryan and Dravidian races, as well as seven castes.
[56][57]
Müller's work contributed to the developing interest in
Aryan culture, which often set Indo-European ('Aryan') traditions in opposition to
Semitic religions. He was "deeply saddened by the fact that these classifications later came to be expressed in
racist terms", as this was far from his intention.
[58][note 10] For Müller the discovery of common Indian and European ancestry was a powerful argument against racism, arguing that "an ethnologist who speaks of Aryan race, Aryan blood, Aryan eyes and hair, is as great a sinner as a linguist who speaks of a dolichocephalic dictionary or a brachycephalic grammar" and that "the blackest Hindus represent an earlier stage of Aryan speech and thought than the fairest Scandinavians".
[59] In his later work, Max Müller took great care to limit the use of the term "Aryan" to a strictly linguistic one.
[60]
"Aryan invasion"
The excavation of the
Harappa,
Mohenjo-daro and
Lothal sites of the
Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in the 1920,
[61] showed that northern India already had an advanced culture when the Indo-Aryans migrated into the area. The theory changed from a migration of advanced Aryans towards a primitive aboriginal population, to a migration of nomadic people into an advanced urban civilization, comparable to the Germanic migrations during the
Fall of the Western Roman Empire, or the
Kassite invasion of
Babylonia.
[62]
This possibility was for a short time seen as a hostile invasion into northern India. The
decline of the
Indus Valley Civilisation at precisely the period in history in which the Indo-Aryan migrations probably took place, seemed to provide independent support of such an invasion. This argument was proposed by the mid-20th century archaeologist
Mortimer Wheeler, who interpreted the presence of many unburied corpses found in the top levels of Mohenjo-daro as the victims of conquest wars, and who famously stated that the god "
Indra stands accused" of the destruction of the Civilisation.
[62]
This position was soon left by the scholarly community, noticing that no evidence was found, and that the skeletons were found to be hasty interments, not massacred victims.
[62]Wheeler himself also nuanced this interpretation in later publications, stating "This is a possibility, but it can't be proven, and it may not be correct."
[63] Wheeler further notes that the unburied corpses may indicate an event in the final phase of human occupation of Mohenjo-Daro, and that thereafter the place was uninhabited, but that the decay of Mohenjo-Daro has to be ascribed to structural causes such as salinisation.
[64]
Nevertheless, although "no informed Western scholar speaks of 'invasions' anymore", critics of the Indo-Aryan Migration theory continue to present the theory as an "Aryan Invasion Theory",
[1][65][note 11] presenting it as a racist and colonialist discourse:
The theory of an immigration of IA speaking Arya ("Aryan invasion") is simply seen as a means of British policy to justify their own intrusion into India and their subsequent colonial rule: in both cases, a "white race" was seen as subduing the local darker colored population.
[1]
