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Bản tiếng Việt:
Loại 3 màu (dành cho xe cộ)[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Loại 3 màu có 3 kiểu: xanh, vàng, đỏ. Tác dụng như sau:
Đỏ: Khi gặp đèn đỏ, tất cả các phương tiện đang lưu thông phải dừng lại ở phía trước vạch dừng (trừ trường hợp những xe rẽ phải và những xe được quyền ưu tiên đi làm nhiệm vụ).
Xanh: Khi gặp đèn xanh, tất cả các phương tiện được phép đi.
Vàng: Đèn vàng là dấu hiệu của sự chuyển đổi tín hiệu.
Khi đèn vàng bật sau đèn xanh nghĩa là chuẩn bị dừng, khi đó các phương tiện phải dừng lại trước vạch sơn dừng vì tiếp đó đèn đỏ sẽ sáng, trường hợp đã vượt quá vạch dừng thì phải nhanh chóng cho xe rời khỏi giao lộ.
Nếu đèn vàng bật sau đèn đỏ có nghĩa là chuẩn bị đi, người lái xe có thể đi trước hoặc chuẩn bị để đi vì tiếp đó đèn xanh sẽ sáng.
Khi đèn vàng nhấp nháy ở tất cả các hướng nghĩa là được đi nhưng người lái xe vẫn phải chú ý.
Loại đèn này lắp theo thứ tự: Nếu lắp chiều dọc thì đèn đỏ ở trên, vàng ở giữa, xanh ở dưới. Nếu lắp chiều ngang thì theo thứ tự đỏ ở bên trái, vàng ở giữa, xanh ở bên phải hay ngược lại(đèn xanh luôn luôn hướng về phía vỉa hè hoặc giải phân cách, đèn đỏ hướng xuống lòng đường)
Cùng mục đó bản tiếng Pháp:
Séquence utilisée en
France, aux
États-Unis, au
Canada, en
Nouvelle-Zélande, au
Sénégal et en
Belgique.
Rouge « Tout conducteur doit marquer l'arrêt absolu devant un feu de signalisation rouge, fixe ou clignotant. »
Vert « Les feux de signalisation verts autorisent le passage des véhicules […]. », sous certaines conditions (priorité aux piétons
5, passage dégagé, autres véhicules
6)
Jaune « Tout conducteur doit marquer l'arrêt devant un feu de signalisation jaune fixe, sauf dans le cas où, lors de l'allumage dudit feu, le conducteur ne peut plus arrêter son véhicule dans des conditions de sécurité suffisantes. »
Cùng mục đó bản tiếng Đức :
In einzelnen Ländern sind noch zusätzliche Farbkombinationen zugleich oder hintereinander möglich:
Rot-Gelb: Zwischen Rot und Grün:
Achtung, gleich wird die Erlaubnis zur Fahrt gegeben. Zum Beispiel in
Deutschland,
Großbritannien,
Kroatien,
Litauen,
Norwegen,
Österreich,
Polen,
Russland,
Saudi-Arabien,
Schweden, der
Schweiz und
Ungarn. Diese Phase dauert bis zu 2 s.
Grün-Gelb
Zwischen Grün und Rot:
Achtung, es wird gleich Rot (beispielsweise in
Italien und bis 1999 in Schweden
[5][6][7])
Zwischen Grün und Gelb:
Achtung, es wird gleich Gelb (beispielsweise in der
DDR, nicht
RiLSA-konform, daher ab der
Wiedervereinigung nach und nach abgeschafft)
Rotes Blinklicht:
Stopp! Anhalten, dann langsam weiterfahren, wenn Kreuzung frei. (
Vereinigte Staaten,
Japan,
Südafrika,
Taiwan)
Grünes Blinklicht
Am Ende der Grünphase:
Achtung, es wird gleich Gelb gezeigt in
Volksrepublik China,
Israel,
Kroatien,
Litauen,
Lettland,
Mexiko,
Österreich,
Polen,
Russland,
Slowenien und der
Türkei.
Am Anfang oder am Ende der Grünphase:
Geschütztes Linksabbiegen möglich in den meisten kanadischen Provinzen inklusive
Québec, nicht aber
British Columbia.
[8]
Statt der Grünphase: Bezeichnet eine Ampel, die nur auf Rot geschaltet wird, wenn Fußgänger den Knopf drücken (in
British Columbia,
Kanada).
[8]
Bei der
Fußgängerampel:
Achtung, es wird gleich Rot gezeigt in Österreich, Polen, Lettland, Litauen, den
Niederlanden, Norwegen, Schweden,
Japan,
Singapur, Ungarn und
Rumänien,
Schweiz (in gewissen Kantonen, z. B.
Basel-Stadt),
Spanien, teilweise in Deutschland an Radwegampeln zu finden.
Gelbes Blinklicht
Ampelanlage außer Betrieb, auf den Seiten der Kreuzung, die Vorfahrt gewähren müssen, in Deutschland
Ampelanlage außer Betrieb, auf allen Seiten der Kreuzung, auch den Vorrang habenden, in Österreich,
Schweiz, Litauen, Polen und teilweise Deutschland.
Nach Ende der Rotphase, statt Rot-Gelb:
Weiterfahren erst, wenn keine Fußgänger mehr auf der Fahrbahn sind (bei ‚Pelican‘-Fußgängerampeln in
Großbritannien,
Zypern)
Kreuzung kann vorsichtig passiert werden: Vereinigte Staaten (Vorfahrtsrecht gegenüber den Richtungen mit rotem Blinklicht),
Japan
Gelbes Blinklicht statt Grün (im untersten der drei Signalfelder) nach Rotphase: Abbiegen unter Beachtung der Vorfahrt möglich; vorfahrtberechtigter Konfliktverkehr möglich (z. B. in
Frankreich,
Irland,
Schweiz)
Grün folgt statt auf Rot-Gelb direkt auf Rot: in
Belgien,
Frankreich,
Griechenland,
Irland, Italien,
Japan,
Luxemburg, den
Niederlanden, Rumänien,
Australien,
Neuseeland, Taiwan,
Brasilien und den Vereinigten Staaten
Rot-Grün-/Grün-Rot-Wechsel ohne Gelbphase: In den Industriezentren der
Volksrepublik China gibt es Ampeln, die nur von Rot nach Grün und umgekehrt wechseln. Gelbe Signalfelder gibt es dann nicht. Die Anlagen besitzen einen Zähler, der in der jeweiligen Farbe Grün oder Rot auf null herabgezählt wird. Bei Erreichen der Null wird – sofern vorhanden – nur von Grün nach Rot, ein gelbes Signalfeld angezeigt und nach kurzer Zeit dann auf die andere Farbe umgestellt. Nun beginnt entweder sofort oder erst für die letzten Sekunden der Countdown erneut. Jeder Fußgänger und Fahrzeugführer kann somit zu jeder Zeit beobachten, wie lange die aktuelle Phase noch gültig sein wird. Abrupte Bremsmanöver werden so vermieden und der Wartende wird nicht durch Ungewissheit gestresst. Solche Ampeln befinden sich vereinzelt in Deutschland, zum Beispiel in
Hamburg (in den Straßen um die Binnenalster). In
Südkorea werden alternativ Leuchtbalken verkürzt.
Die Bedeutung der einzelnen Farben ist nicht in allen Ländern gleich. So ist beispielsweise in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, Kanada und in China bei Rotlicht zwar ein Überqueren der Kreuzung verboten, ein Rechtsabbiegen jedoch in den meisten
Staaten und
Provinzen erlaubt. In Deutschland gibt es mit dem
Grünpfeil-Zusatzschild neben der Ampel eine ähnliche Regelung. In den USA darf in vielen Bundesstaaten auch bei Rot nach rechts abgebogen werden, wenn dies kein Zusatzschild verbietet. Voraussetzung ist jedoch, dass sowohl die Straße, aus der man ausfährt, als auch die, in die man einmündet, eine
Einbahnstraßeist.
Cùng mục đó bản tiếng Anh:
Types and placement of colors[edit]
Main article:
List of variations in traffic light signalling and operation
Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes. This one in
Warrington, United Kingdom, also shows the red + yellow combination seen in a number of European countries, and a backing board with white border to increase the target value of the signal head. Improved visibility of the signal head is achieved during the night by using the retro-reflective white border.
Aspect is a term referring to the light that faces the drivers. A typical vertical traffic signal has three aspects, or lights, facing the oncoming traffic, red on top, yellow (amber) below, and green below that. Generally one aspect is illuminated at a time. In some cases, a fourth aspect, for a turn arrow for example, is below the three lights or aspects in more complicated road traffic intersections.
Single aspects[edit]
This section requires
expansion.
(March 2010)
The simplest traffic light comprises either a single or a pair of colored aspects that warns any user of the shared right of way of a possible conflict or danger.
- Flashing red: treated as a stop sign. This can also signal the road is closed. In France, flashing red mandates absolute stop, at the crossing of a railway line, an airport strip, or a swing bridge.
- Flashing yellow: caution, crossing or road hazard ahead.
- Flashing green: varies among jurisdiction. Flashing green can give permission to go straight as well as make a left turn in front of opposing traffic (which is stopped by a steady red light), can indicate the end of a green cycle before the light changes to a solid yellow, or (as in British Columbia, Canada) indicates the intersection is a pedestrian crosswalk. In Greece, flashing green lights cannot be found. Instead, dual flashing orange lights are used.
Dual aspects[edit]
This section requires
expansion.
(March 2010)
These have two lights, usually mounted vertically. They are often seen at railway crossings, fire stations, and at intersections of streets. They flash yellow when cross traffic is not expected, and turn red to stop traffic when cross traffic occurs (e.g., the fire engines are about to exit the station). They are also sometimes used for
ramp metering, where motorists enter a controlled-access highway during heavy traffic. Only one vehicle on the ramp proceeds when the signal shows green.
Three or more aspects & positioning of aspects[edit]
The standard traffic signal is the red light above the green, with yellow between.
When the traffic signal with three aspects is arranged horizontally or sideways, the arrangement depends on the
rule of the road. In right-lane countries, the sequence (from left to right) is red - yellow - green. In left-lane countries, the sequence is green - yellow - red.
Other signals are sometimes added for more control, such as for public transportation and right or left turns allowed only when the green arrow is illuminated or specifically prohibited if the red arrow is illuminated.
Traffic signal cycles[edit]
Generally, at least one direction of traffic at an intersection has the green light (green aspect) at any moment in the cycle. In some jurisdictions, for a brief time, all signals at an intersection show red at the same time, to clear any traffic in the intersection. The delay can depend on traffic, road conditions, the physical layout of the intersection, and legal requirements. Thus modern signals are built to allow the "all red" in an intersection, even if the feature is not used.
Some signals have no "all red" phase: the light turns green for cross traffic the instant the other light turns red.
[note 1]
Variations[edit]
In the Canadian province of
Quebec and the Maritime provinces, lights are often arranged horizontally or sideways, but each aspect is a different shape: red is a square (larger than the normal circle) and usually in pairs at either end of the fixture, yellow is a diamond, and green is a circle. In many southern and southwestern states, most traffic signals are horizontal in order to ease wind resistance during storms and hurricanes.
[26]
In Britain, normal traffic lights follow this sequence:
- Red – stop
- Red and amber (yellow) – stop, indicating it will turn green
- Green – proceed with caution, but only if the way is clear
- Amber – stop if possible to do so without braking so sharply such as may cause an accident
Use of traffic signals in waterways, on railroads for rail traffic[edit]
The three-aspect standard is also used at
locks on the Upper Mississippi River. Red means that another vessel is passing through. Yellow means that the lock chamber is being emptied or filled to match the level of the approaching vessel. After the gate opens, green means that the vessel may enter.
Railroad signals, for stopping trains in their own right of way, use the opposite positioning of the colors, the two types cannot be confused.[
citation needed] That is, green on top and red below is the standard placement of the signal colors on railroad tracks.
Pedestrian and cyclist crossing lights[edit]
Further information:
Pedestrian crossing
This section may contain excessive, poor, or irrelevant examples. Please
improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing
less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's
guide to writing better articles for further suggestions.
(January 2012)
Pedestrian crossing control panel in
Dubai
Sounds[edit]
In some jurisdictions such as Australia and
Ireland pedestrian lights are associated with a sound device, for the benefit of blind and visually impaired pedestrians. These make a slow beeping sound when the pedestrian lights are red and a continuous buzzing sound when the lights are green. In the Australian States of
Queensland,
New South Wales,
Victoria and
Western Australia, the sound is produced in the same unit as the push buttons. This system of
assistive technology is also widely used at busy intersections in Canadian cities.
The United Kingdom, the
Puffin crossings and their predecessor, the
Pelican crossing, will make a fast beeping sound to indicate that it is safe to cross the road. The beeping sound is disabled during the night time so as not to disturb any nearby residents.
[27]
In some states in the United States, at some busy intersections, buttons will make a beeping sound for blind people. When the light changes, a speaker built into the button will play a recording to notify blind people that it is safe to cross. When the signal flashes red, the recording will start to count down with the countdown timer.
Australia and New Zealand[edit]
In Australia and New Zealand, the light sequence is:
- Green man: safe to cross the intersection
- Flashing red man: continue to cross if already in the intersection, but do not start to cross
- Red man: do not cross
Some traffic lights in
Melbourne,
Adelaide,
Perth and
Brisbane have countdown timers for pedestrian crossing lights, usually a countdown from 30 when the red flashing man appeared. Countdown timers have been installed on some pedestrian crossing lights in
Auckland counting down from 15 seconds.
Some traffic-light controlled junctions have a light sequence that stops all vehicular traffic at the junction at the same time, and gives pedestrians exclusive access to the intersection so that they can cross in any direction (including diagonally). This is prominently featured in the Sydney CBD outside town hall. This is known as a "
pedestrian scramble" or Barnes Dance in some places. In New Zealand such pedestrian crossings can be found in the central business district (CBD) of Auckland,
Wellington and
Christchurch.
The Barnes Dance is named after an American traffic engineer, Henry A. Barnes. Barnes did not claim to have invented the system but was a strong advocate of it, having observed the difficulties his daughter faced crossing the road to get to school.
[28]
European standard[edit]
Traffic light animation (pedestrians/cyclers and traffic).
Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Bicycle traffic lights in Vienna
The European approach to a signalized crossing is to use dual or, more rarely, a triple aspect
[29] with a blackened out lens of a
pictogrampedestrian. For cyclists, the same approach is used, with the lens blackened out for a bicycle frame. It is not uncommon to see lenses with both symbols on them. Most European countries use orange instead of yellow for the middle light.
The light sequence is:
- Green: safe to cross.
- Yellow or orange: continue to cross only if unable to stop safely.
- Flashing yellow or orange: cross with caution (often used when lights are out of order or shut down).
- Red: do not cross.
In Germany, the Czech Republic and some other Central European countries, a combination of red and orange lights is used just before the switch back to green. It allows drivers to stop their engines during the red light. The light sequence is as follows:[
citation needed]
- Green: safe to cross.
- Orange: continue to cross only if unable to stop safely.
- Flashing orange: cross with caution, obey signage (used when lights are out of order or shut down).
- Red: do not cross.
- Red and orange: do not cross, prepare for green.
The light is blackened out with a pedestrian pictogram.
Ampelmännchen pedestrian traffic signals have come to be seen as a nostalgic sign for the former
German Democratic Republic.
Variations[edit]
2007 in Prague Roman Tic (pseudonym) of the arts collective
Ztohoven has changed 50 pedestrian traffic lights to different own designs of men and women, showing different actions and emotions, and subsequently has been fined.
[30]
To include the female gender and homosexuality single men on the traffic lights have been changes to women and homo- and heterosexual couples
Ampelpärchen in 2015 in Vienna, Salzburg and Linz (redone in December 2015).
British standard[edit]
In the United Kingdom, Ireland,
British Crown dependencies and dependent territories, and former possessions like Hong Kong two or more of the following signals are displayed to pedestrians -
- A still image of a green walking man: cross the road
- Flashing green walking man: continue to cross if already on the crossing but do not start to cross.
- Some signals use an amber numerical countdown display, instead of the flashing green man, to show how long people already crossing have remaining before the red standing man shows, and traffic is given a green signal
- Red standing man: do not cross/do not start to cross
In the United Kingdom there is no direct offense committed if a pedestrian fails to obey crossing signals and many lights commonly only use two still images - a green walking man and a red standing man, this being the general case where the crossing is at a road junction and the pedestrian signals are in combination with those controlling vehicular traffic. Flashing amber lights and images at pedestrian crossings are used where the vehicular traffic lights perform the sole function of stopping road traffic to allow pedestrians to cross a road.
The same system is used also in
Switzerland and
Macau.[
clarification needed]
China standard[edit]
- Green: safe to cross.
- Red: do not cross.
- Yellow (solid, after green, before red): continue to cross only if unable to stop safely.
- Flashing yellow: cross with caution (often used in low-traffic crossing or after midnight).
North American standard[edit]
Pedestrian sign in
Washington, D.C.
In the United States, the most common aspect is the written 'walk' or 'don't walk.' In Canada, the white walking man is almost always used. Increasingly for retrofits of dual aspects and newer installations, the lower aspect formerly used for the "walk" signal (a walking person) is being replaced with a timer countdown. The raised hand pictogram first appeared in the city of Westmount, Montreal, and was invented by Alexander Heron, having observed a policeman's gloved hand controlling a crossing.[
citation needed]
The light sequence is::
- Green, blue, or white walking human or "walk": cross with caution (pedestrians have the right of way; motorists turning left or right must yield to pedestrians).
- Flashing red or orange stop hand or "don't walk": do not start crossing, but continue if already in the middle of the intersection.
- Red or orange stop hand or "don't walk": do not enter the intersection
The
U.S. state of Massachusetts allows an unusual indication variation for pedestrian movement. At signalized intersections without separate pedestrian signal heads, the traffic signals may be programmed to turn red in all directions, followed by a steady display of yellow lights simultaneously with the red indications. During this red-plus-yellow indication, the intersection is closed to vehicular traffic and pedestrians may cross, usually in whatever direction they choose (this is known as a "
Barnes dance").[
citation needed]
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, ng tham gia giao thông như cụ xxx nó móm nặng chả điên mất mớ xiền chạy chọt đứng đường chăn gà 
.
